4/10: Personality - Jung, Alder, and Horney

• Overview of Neo-Analytic theorists
• Carl Jung
• self-hood
• Alfed Adler
• inferiority and goals
• Karen Horney
• new conception of women
• Neo-Analytic Movement
• Freud's psychoanalysis-----> new directions
• Emphasize Ego more important than ID
• Ego = sense of self arises throughout conflict and interactions with others
• Eventual discarding of Freudian ID but still emphasized motivations ans social interactions
• Social Variables= Important
• Less Bio, More Social, more Optimistic
• Carl Jung - Selfhood 
• Fight with Freud Centered on
• Spirtuality > Sexuality
• Disputed Freud's strcture of mind
• Personal and Collective unconscious
• Jund divived mind into 3 parts
• Concscious Ego
• Personal Unconscious
• Collective Unconscious ( original part)
• Collective Unconscious (unique to Jung)
• Deeper level, collective memory with humanity like genetic code
• made up of archetypes
• Archetypes: powerful emotional symbols common to all people that predispose us to act in predetermined ways
• cause of mental disorders = fail acknowledge unacceptable archetypes in collective unconsicous
• examples
• Animus(male) and Anima(female) sides of personality
• Mother vs Father
• Birth vs Death
• Persona (self) and Shadow ( destructive tendencies of self)
• Hero and Demon
• Modern Psych doubts existence of Collective Unconscious
• believes shared interests
• Jung's Principal of Opposites (Traits): Traits are favored among opposing pairs of tendencies/dispositions and comprise personality
• Evaluating Jung's Contributions
• Cons
• No objective observation or testing
• Pros
• Challenged Freud = opened door to alternate personality theories
• Notion of Personality Types: pillar of trait type approach
• Alfred Adler - Inferiority and Goals
• Fight with Freud
• Goal Directedness = Main Motivator
• Development governed by goals
• Goals unify personality
• Fictional finalism:  no hindrances of inferiority complexes in front of fictional goals, motivating but never achieved
• Future-oriented
• Concerned with Social Conditions
• Preventative measures to avoid Disturbance in Personality
• Adler's Key Aspects
• Early childhood experiences
• Key = Overcoming Inferiority
• Compensatory process
• Strive for Superiority
• Birth order- creates expectations and goals
• Future experiences
• Lifestyle = response
• Healthy: Adaptive ways of responding
• Mistaken: Maladaptve ways of responding
• Goals
• Future-oriented
• Unify persoanlity
• Governs Development
• Fictional Finalism
• Guiding self-ideal each person
• Motivating yet never achieved
• Partly known
• Not competitive
• Inferiority
• Inferior feelings drive personality
• Motivating force
• Origins in Infancy
• Not considered abnormal
• Inferiority Complex - pervasive feelings of helplessness and sadness
• Defense = Superiority complex
• false feelings of power and security to conceal inferiority complex
• Birth Order
• Based on interactions with siblings
• Different types of parental attention
• Influence goals
• 4 Types Birth Orders
• First-born: Exaggerated sense of own Importance
• dethronement = feared
• competitive; concerned about being replaced/surpassed
• Second-born: Less sensitive to Power issues, High achiever
• inferiority of comparison to first born motivates them
• Youngest child: Spoiled which Undermines Survival desire
• Only Child: Non-Dethroned First Born
• strange adaptations in school
• Support:
• Biology confounded with rearing order; Not totally supported
• Adler's Contributions
• Cons
• Not all hypotheses supported by research
• first born and only child = higher levels of achievement
• Idea on need for power shapes behavior = Influential
• Karen Horney -  New Conception of Women
• Rejected penis envy idea
• Reason for inferior feeling:
• Social position and independence
• Upbringing
• masculine vs femininty
• Men might be unconsicously envious of feminine qualitites
• Agreed on Freudian idea of unconscious motivations in childhood
• Believed:
• Basic Anxiwty = Child discovers own helplesness
• Internal anxiety focused out and in
• Neurotic = basic anxiety out of control
• People can mainfest neurotic needs to extremes
• Neurotic Coping Strategies
• Moving Toward Others
• Neurotice Need: Constant reminders of Love and Approval
• Moving Against others
• Neurotic Need: Power and Social Recognition
• Moving Away from Others
• Neurotic Need: Personal Admiration and Perfection
• Horney's Contributions
• Cons
• Weak Scientific foundation
• Lack of Operation terms, 
• Difficult to Test
• Trait Perspective
• Personality inventories: gauge wide range of feelings and behaviors
• Objective scoring, not subjective
• Personality type = Genes + Environment 
• even animals have personalities
• Is Personality Stable? (Yes)
• Stability in Personality and Behavior patterns Over Time
• People are consistently inconsistent- similar patterns across same situations
• Time Frame and Traumatic Events need to be taken into account
• Personality inventories
• measure broad personality characteristics
• focus on behavior, beliefs, and feelings
• based on self-reported responses
• Most Widely Used
• MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
• Eysenck's Introversion/Extroversion
• Big Five
• MMPI
• 550 self-statements answered: T, F, Cannot Say
• Phsycial concerns, mood, morale, attitudes toward establishments, psychological symptoms
• now look at patterns, before spike on one scale only
• 84% original questions, revised in 1977 establish new normals
• Assesses Careless Responding and Lying
• when put front, when careless
• 10 Clinical Scales: 0-120 score
• > 70 = Deviant (psych disorders)
• Graphed= Create Profile