- Perception is not always a replication of reality
- Selective attention: process a limited amount of info and block out all other info
- Cocktail party effect: ability to attend to only one voice among many
Perceptual Organization
- Perceptual Organization: organize perception to transform sensory info into meaningful perceptions
- Visual Capture: tendency for vision to retain dominant influence over other senses
- Perceptual Illusions
- visual system predicts what we think will happen
- Context Effect
- Gestalt: tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
- perceive parts as one whole of a different type, ex: flag made out of bunch of mini pictures
- Figure and Ground: organization of the visual field into objects (figures) and backgrounds (ground)
- ex: two faces that make up a vase
- Proximity: grouping nearby figures together
- Similarity: group figures that are similar
- Continuity: perceive continuous patterns
- Connectedness: spots, lines, and areas are seen as one unit when connected
- Closure: fill in gaps to make sense of it
Depth Perception
- Depth Perception: function of ability to see things in three dimensions which enable us to estimate distance from us
- acquired knowledge
- Binocular cues: dependent on both eyes
- Monocular Cues: depth cues that are available to each eye alone
- Relative Height: objects higher in vision seen as further away
- Relative Size: if two objects are same size, the one that's smaller is perceived to be farther away
- Interposition: if an object blocks our view of another, it's perceived to be closer
- Linear Perspective: parallel lines that appear to converge convey distance; more they converge, greater distance
- Light and Shadow: light= closer dimmer = farther away; shading = info about light source
Perceptual Consistency: ability to recognize objects to be the same despite differences
- Shape consistency: understanding the object may have different shape based on angle of view
- Size consistency: objects have consistent size even when distance changes
- reciprocal relationship between size and distance
- e.g. car at a distance
- Brightness Contrast
- different context can trick us
- e.g: board example
- Color Consistency
- depends on more than wavelength info received by cones
- perceive color as function of light reflected relative to surrounding objects
- Comparisons govern perceptions
Perceptual Interpretation
- Perceptual Set: mental predisposition perceive one thing and not another
- experiences, assumptions, expectations = influences on perception
- Schemas
- Summary
- Perception influenced by:
- Biological
- sensrory analyis
- unlearned visual phenomena
- Psychological
- selective attention
- kearned schemas
- Gestalt principles
- context effects
- perceptual set
- Social-cultural
- expectations and assumptions
- Extrasensroy Perception
- Parapsychology: study of paranormal psychology
- Extrasensory Perception: perception can occur apart from sensory input
- Telepathy: read/transmit thoughts into people's minds
- Clairvoyance: perceiving remote events
- Precognition: see the future
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